By David Miller
Aug. 31, 2020
Dr. Nicole Ruggiano, UA social work researcher, provides dementia care training throughout Alabama and studies the needs of patients and their caregivers.
The National Institute on Aging has awarded $1.6 million to researchers from The University of Alabama and Florida International University to design touch-screen technology to improve communication between dementia patients and their caregivers.
Dr. Nicole Ruggiano, associate professor in the UA School of Social Work and co-principal investigator for the project, said that dementia patients often struggle to communicate about their daily care and symptoms they’re experiencing, like trouble sleeping or severity of pain. This can lead to “care-resistant behaviors” that are misunderstood by their caregiver.
“Our technology will be similar to the sensory and communication boards we see with students with autism,” Ruggiano said. “It’ll be a customizable tablet with all the things the person really likes – pictures of their favorite foods, their favorite clothing. So, when caregivers are engaging with them, if they have trouble with words or confusion due to cognition problems, it’ll make caregiving activities a lot easier.”
The project will span five years and will include a pair of clinical sites at both University of Alabama at Birmingham’s Memory Disorder Clinic and Miami Jewish Health.
Since 2016, Ruggiano has worked extensively with families affected by Alzheimer’s Disease and other types of dementia in the state of Alabama and has a keen interest in alleviating burdens for caregivers. In Alabama, there are roughly 300,000 people providing care for someone living with dementia, Ruggiano said.
Beyond her research, Ruggiano has worked with the Alabama Department of Senior Services to provide statewide trainings on dementia care and caregiving. Additionally, Ruggiano was recently appointed to the Alabama Lifespan Respite Coalition.
Ruggiano: narrowing the digital divide can help rural areas compensate for lack of dementia specialists. (Adobe Stock)
Ruggiano’s interest in using technology to improve dementia care spans several years and continued collaborations with Dr. Ellen Brown, associate professor of nursing at Florida International University and Co-PI for this project. In 2016, the pair created “CareHeroes,” a multi-function app designed to improve communication between physicians providing dementia care and caregivers. The app also aims to decrease caregiver burden and depression symptoms, which are often experienced because of the stress of caregiving. In 2018, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality awarded Ruggiano and Brown $300,000 to test the app with more than 60 participants at sites between Alabama and Miami.
Bridging the gap between the “digitally underserved” can remove complex barriers to care by understanding how different vulnerable groups experience technology, Ruggiano said. For instance, in her work in rural Alabama, where specialty care is limited, African-American caregivers have lacked education and information about dementia and were more likely to view symptoms of dementia as normal signs of aging.
“I’ve had people tell me that, for the first time, they really understand what’s going on with their loved one,” Ruggiano said.
NSF awards Ruggiano planning grant for resource app
Through a $150,000 grant from the National Science Foundation, Ruggiano, along with computer science faculty Drs. Monica Anderson, Jeff Gray and Zhe Jiang, will develop a resource database for dementia care across Alabama.
There isn’t currently a standard database or resource repository, so caregivers don’t know what’s available, Ruggiano said. This database would require crowdsourced data from caregivers and providers.
“For instance, for incontinence supplies, they’d put how much they paid and where they were cheapest,” Ruggiano said. “Additionally, the database will self-assess that information for accuracy.”
After a year of development – focus groups, surveys and a prototype – researchers will apply for another NSF grant to build a web app for the database. The final product will allow users to perform needs assessments, and the app would provide resources and maps to match their needs.
“A lot of dementia care is being done in primary care, and those providers aren’t really sure about services, so they can’t make referrals for their patients and caregivers,” Ruggiano said. “This database can be extremely helpful.”